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1 privation
privation [pʀivasjɔ̃]feminine nouna. ( = suppression) deprivationb. privations ( = sacrifices) privation* * *pʀivasjɔ̃1) ( suppression) (de droit, liberté) deprivation; ( de salaire) suspension2) ( manque) want, privation sout* * *privation nf2 ( manque) want, privation sout; souffrir de privations to suffer want; mener une vie or vivre de privations to live a life of privation; s'imposer des privations to make sacrifices; économiser à force or au prix de dures privations to scrimp and save.privation des droits civiques Jur forfeiture of civil rights.[privasjɔ̃] nom fémininprivation des droits civiques loss ou deprivation of civil rights————————privations nom féminin plurielà force de privations through constant sacrifice, by constantly doing without -
2 privation
noun(lack of comforts) Not, die* * *(poverty; hardship.) die Entbehrung* * *pri·va·tion[praɪˈveɪʃən]n ( form)to suffer \privations Entbehrungen leiden* * *[praI'veISən]na life of privation — ein Leben in Armut or Not
2) (= hardship) Entbehrung f, Einschränkung fwartime privations — die Entbehrungen pl der Kriegszeit
* * *privation [praıˈveıʃn] sa) Not fb) Entbehrung f:a life full of privation ein entsagungsreiches oder entsagungsvolles Leben;his life of privation sein entbehrungsreiches Leben;suffer many privations viele Entbehrungen erleiden* * *noun(lack of comforts) Not, die* * *n.Mangel -¨ m. -
3 stento
m : a stento with difficultystenti pl hardship* * *stento s.m.1 privation, hardship: vita di stenti, hard life; patire molti stenti, to suffer many privations; vivere negli stenti, to live in poverty2 ( sforzo, fatica) effort, difficulty, hard work: passare un esame con qualche stento, to scrape through an exam // a stento, hardly (o barely o with difficulty): cammina a stento, he has some difficulty in walking; lo capivo a stento, I could hardly understand him; è riuscito a stento a finire la gara, he was barely able to finish the race.* * *['stɛnto] 1.sostantivo maschile2.a stento — (a malapena) hardly, scarcely, barely; (con difficoltà) with difficulty
sostantivo maschile plurale stenti hardship U, privation Uuna vita di -i — a stunted life, a life of privation
* * *stento/'stεnto/I sostantivo m.a stento (a malapena) hardly, scarcely, barely; (con difficoltà) with difficulty; l'ho riconosciuto a stento I hardly recognized himII stenti m.pl.hardship U, privation U; una vita di -i a stunted life, a life of privation. -
4 privazione
f deprivation( sacrificio) privation* * *privazione s.f.1 ( azione del privare) deprivation; ( perdita) loss: privazione della libertà, deprivation (o loss) of liberty; privazione dell'ufficio, loss of office; privazione dei diritti civili, loss of civil rights // (inform.) privazione di risorse, starvation2 ( disagio) privation, hardship: vita di privazione, life of hardship; soffrire, subire severe privazioni, to suffer, to undergo severe privations3 ( sacrificio) sacrifice.* * *[privat'tsjone]sostantivo femminile1) deprival, deprivationprivazione della cittadinanza — dir. pol. denaturalization
2) (rinuncia, patimento) privation, deprivation, hardship* * *privazione/privat'tsjone/sostantivo f.1 deprival, deprivation; privazione della cittadinanza dir. pol. denaturalization2 (rinuncia, patimento) privation, deprivation, hardship; una vita di -i a life of privation. -
5 entbehrungsreich
Adj. disadvantaged, full of privation; ein entbehrungsreiches Leben auch a life of want ( oder hardship), a hard life* * *ent|beh|rungs|reichadjfull of privationdie entbéhrungsreichen Kriegsjahre — the deprivation of the war years
* * *ent·beh·rungs·reichadj (geh)\entbehrungsreiche Jahre years of privation* * *entbehrungsvoll Adjektiv <life, years> of privation* * *entbehrungsreich adj disadvantaged, full of privation;* * *entbehrungsvoll Adjektiv <life, years> of privation -
6 entsagungsvoll
Adj. Leben etc.: full of hardship ( oder privation); Person: self-denying; Blick etc.: resigned; ein entsagungsvolles Leben auch a life of (sacrifice and) self-denial; es ist ein entsagungsvoller Beruf it’s a career ( oder job) requiring a great deal of self-denial ( oder sacrifice)* * *ent|sa|gungs|volladj (geh)Leben (full) of privation; Blick, Geste resigned* * *ent·sa·gungs·volladj (geh)1. (Irdischem entsagend) full of self-denial2. (Verzicht ausdrückend) full of resignation* * *1) full of self-denial postpos.2) (Entsagungen verlangend) full of privation postpos* * *entsagungsvoll adj Leben etc: full of hardship ( oder privation); Person: self-denying; Blick etc: resigned;ein entsagungsvolles Leben auch a life of (sacrifice and) self-denial;es ist ein entsagungsvoller Beruf it’s a career ( oder job) requiring a great deal of self-denial ( oder sacrifice)* * *1) full of self-denial postpos.2) (Entsagungen verlangend) full of privation postpos -
7 stento sm
['stɛnto]1)stenti smpl — (privazioni) hardship sg, privation sg
una vita di stenti — a life of hardship o privation
vivere tra gli stenti — to live a life of hardship o privation
2)a stento avv — with difficulty, barely
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8 stento
sm ['stɛnto]1)stenti smpl — (privazioni) hardship sg, privation sg
una vita di stenti — a life of hardship o privation
vivere tra gli stenti — to live a life of hardship o privation
2)a stento avv — with difficulty, barely
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9 צָעַר
1) to be narrow, slender, young, v. צוֹעֵר, צׇעִיר. 2) to be restrained, suffer privation, pain. Taan.11a, v. infra. Hif. הִצְעִיר to lessen; to subordinate. Gen. R. s. 6 (ref. to הצעיר, Gen. 48:14) על ידי שהיה מַצְעִיר את עסקיווכ׳ because he subordinated his affairs (was contented with lesser services), he was privileged to be invested with the rights of the firstborn; הגדול שהוא מצעירוכ׳ if a great man applies himself to minor services, how much more (is he praiseworthy)!Part. pass. מוּצְעָר, q. v. Pi. צִיעֵר 1) to narrow, restrain; to inflict pain, annoy. Naz.19a; 22a, a. e. (ref. to Num. 6:11) ומה זה שלא צי׳ עצמו … המְצַעֵר עצמווכ׳ if this (Nazarite) who denied himself only the enjoyment of wine is called a sinner, how much more so he who denies himself all enjoyments of life! Taan.11a יִצְעַר … במשה רבינו שצי׳ עצמווכ׳ man must suffer (deny himself enjoyments), when the community suffers; for thus we find that Moses afflicted himself (by sitting on a stone, Ex. 17:12) ; ib. וכל המצער עצמו עםוכ׳ (Ms. M. וכל המצער עם, insert עצמו, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) and he who afflicts himself in sympathy with the community, will be allowed to see the comfort of the community; Yalk. Gen. 148, a. e. המִצְטַעֵר. Snh.11a אתה הוא שצִיעַרְתָּ לאכא wast thou the one who annoyed my father (with the smell of garlic)? Ab. Zar.40b ואתה מְצַעֲרֵינִי and thou didst let me be in pain (without telling me of the remedy)?; a. fr. 2) to suffer. Yalk. Is. 333, v. צָרַר. Hithpa. הִצְטַעֵר, Nithpa. נִצְטַעֵר to feel pain; to suffer privation; to grieve, trouble ones self. Yalk. Gen. l. c., a. e., v. supra. Hag.15b בזמנ שאדם מִצְטַעֵרוכ׳ when a man suffers (the penalty of the law), what does the Shekhinah say?; אם כךהקב״ה מצטערוכ׳ if the Lord thus grieves over the blood of the wicked (convict), how much more does he grieve over the blood of the righteous that is shed!; Ms. M. 1 אם כן מצטער אניוכ׳; Ms. M. 2 מִצְטַעֲרֵנִי if thus I (the Lord) grieve Snh. 46a; Yalk. Deut. 930. Succ.26a, a. e. מצטער פטורוכ׳ he that feels uncomfortable (cold) is exempt from sitting in the Succah (contrad. fr. חולה). Meg.16a sq. אפשר דבר שנצ׳ בו … יכשל בו is it possible that this righteous man (Joseph) should commit the same wrong from which he himself had suffered (to make distinctions between brothers)? Yoma 74b; Y. ib. VIII, 44d top (ref. to Lev. 16:29) יכול ישב … ויִצְטַעֵר you may think, one must sit in the sun or in the cold in order to afflict ones self. Bab. ib. 19b כל ימי הייתי מצט׳ עלוכ׳ all my life-time have I been troubling myself about this verse (Lev. 16:2) thinking, when shall I have an opportunity to carry it into practice (in accordance with the Sadducean interpretation of it) Sifré Deut. 354 הואיל ונִצְטַעַרְנוּוכ׳ since we have gone to the trouble of coming here ; a. fr. -
10 Leben
Leben n GEN, VERSICH life* * *n <Geschäft, Versich> life* * *Leben
life, existence, (Handel) activity, (Lebensführung) living;
• arbeitsreiches Leben busy life;
• öffentliches Leben public affairs;
• verbundene Leben (Versicherung) joint lives;
• versichertes Leben insured (assured, Br.) life;
• Leben am Rande des Existenzminimums marginal living;
• in das öffentliche Leben eintreten to enter public life;
• entbehrungsreiches Leben führen to live in privation;
• luxuriöses Leben führen to live (be rolling) in luxury;
• normales Leben führen to follow standard lines;
• Leben in Wohlstand führen to live in affluent circumstances;
• genug zum Leben haben to have enough to sustain life;
• neue Gesellschaft ins Leben rufen to set up a new society;
• im öffentlichen Leben stehen to be in the limelight;
• die Hälfte seines Lebens beruflich verbringen to live half of one’s life on one’s job;
• genug zum Leben verdienen to have a sufficiency;
• sein Leben versichern to insure one’s life, to take out a life policy;
• sein Leben bei einer Gesellschaft versichern to assure one’s life with a company (Br.);
• sich vom öffentlichen Leben zurückziehen to retire into obscurity. -
11 hardship
noun2) (instance) Notlage, diehardships — Not, die; Entbehrungen
3) (something causing suffering) Unannehmlichkeit, die* * ** * *hard·ship[ˈhɑ:dʃɪp, AM ˈhɑ:rd-]nI'd love to if it's not too much of a \hardship for you gerne, wenn es dir nicht zu viele Unannehmlichkeiten bereiteteconomic \hardship wirtschaftliche Notlageto live in \hardship Not leiden* * *['hAːdʃɪp]n(= condition) Not f, Elend nt; (= instance) Härte f; (= deprivation) Entbehrung feconomic/financial hardship — wirtschaftliche/finanzielle Not
the hardships of war — das Elend/die Entbehrungen des Kriegs
it was no hardship at all — es hat überhaupt keine Mühe gemacht
if it's not too much (of a) hardship for you... (also iro) — wenn es dir nichts ausmacht or nicht zu viel Mühe macht...
the hardship(s) of life in the country — die Entbehrungen pl des Landlebens
* * *hardship [ˈhɑː(r)dʃıp] s1. Not f, Elend n2. Härte f:work hardship on sb eine Härte bedeuten für jemanden;hardship case Härtefall m;hardship clause Härteklausel f* * *noun2) (instance) Notlage, diehardships — Not, die; Entbehrungen
3) (something causing suffering) Unannehmlichkeit, die* * *n.Mühsal -en n.Not ¨-e f. -
12 perte
perte [pεʀt]1. feminine nouna. lossb. ( = ruine) ruinc. ( = gaspillage) waste• c'est une perte de temps/d'énergie it's a waste of time/of energy2. compounds• être en perte de vitesse [mouvement] to be losing momentum ; [entreprise, vedette] to be going downhill* * *pɛʀt
1.
1) gén lossêtre en perte de vitesse — lit to be losing speed; fig to be slowing down
2) ( gaspilllage) wasteperte d'énergie — ( de personne) waste of energy; ( de machine) energy loss
ce serait en pure perte — ( inutile) it would be futile
3) ( ruine) ruincourir or aller à sa (propre) perte — to be heading for a fall
2.
pertes nom féminin pluriel lossesPhrasal Verbs:* * *pɛʀt1. nf1) [emploi, parent] loss2) COMMERCE loss3) [temps, argent] wasteCette réunion a été une perte de temps. — The meeting was a waste of time.
4) (morale) ruinà perte de vue; Les champs de betterave s'étendent à perte de vue. — The beet fields stretch as far as the eye can see.
2. pertes nfpl1) (financières) loss sg losses2) (militaires) losses* * *A nf1 ( fait d'égarer) loss, losing; la perte d'une bague losing a ring, the loss of a ring;2 ( fait de ne pouvoir garder) loss; perte de contrôle loss of control; pertes d'emploi job losses; perte de vitesse Aviat loss of speed; être en perte de vitesse lit to be losing speed; fig to be slowing down, to be running out of steam; la perte or les pertes de poids/de mémoire weight/memory loss; avoir des pertes de sang Méd to bleed; la plaine s'étend à perte de vue the plain stretches as far as the eye can see;3 Fin (somme perdue, fait de perdre) loss; perte d'argent financial loss; vendre à perte to sell at a loss; profits et pertes profits and losses; subir des pertes importantes to lose large sums of money, to sustain heavy losses;4 ( fait d'être perdant) (de match, bataille, d'élection) loss;5 ( disparition) loss; ( mort) loss; la perte de trois avions the loss of three aircraft; la perte d'un être cher the loss of a loved one; ce n'est pas une (grande or grosse) perte that's not much of a loss;6 ( gaspilllage) waste; c'est une perte de temps it's a waste of time; réduire les pertes de temps to cut down on time-wasting; perte d'énergie ( de personne) waste of energy; (de machine, d'installation) energy loss; perte de chaleur heat loss; ce serait en pure perte ( inutile) it would be futile; agir en pure perte to do something that is a complete waste of time; le crabe c'est bon, mais il y a de la perte crab is nice, but there's a lot of waste;7 ( ruine) ruin; cela causera sa perte it will be his/her ruin; courir or aller à sa (propre) perte to be on the road to ruin, to be heading ou riding for a fall; vouloir la perte de qn to try to bring about sb's downfall; jurer la perte de qn to vow to bring about sb's downfall.B pertes nfpl losses; de lourdes pertes heavy losses; causer des pertes en vies humaines to take a heavy toll in human life.perte de connaissance loss of consciousness, blackout; perte sèche Fin dead loss; pertes blanches vaginal discharge ¢, leucorrhea ¢ spéc; pertes séminales involuntary emission ¢ of semen, spermatorrhea ¢ spéc.[pɛrt] nom féminin1. [décès] loss2. [privation d'une faculté]3. [disparition, destruction] lossce n'est pas une grande ou grosse perte it's no great loss4. [gaspillage] waste5. [réduction] lossperte de compression/de vitesse loss of compression/of engine speedcourir ou aller (droit) à sa perte to be on the road to ruinruminer ou jurer la perte de quelqu'un to vow to ruin somebodyl'entreprise a enregistré une perte de deux millions the company has chalked up losses of two million8. [défaite] loss————————pertes nom féminin plurielpasser quelque chose aux ou par pertes et profits (sens propre & figuré) to write something off (as a total loss)3. MÉDECINEpertes (blanches) whites, (vaginal) discharge————————à perte locution adverbialeà perte de vue locution adverbiale1. [loin] as far as the eye can see————————en pure perte locution adverbialeil a couru en pure perte, il a quand même manqué son train it was absolutely no use running, he missed the train all the same -
13 अ _a
अ The first letter of the alphabet; अक्षंराणामकारो$स्मि Bg.1.33.-अः [अवति, अतति सातत्येन तिष्ठतीति वा; अव्-अत् वा, ड Tv.]1 N. of Viṣṇu, the first of the three sounds constituting the sacred syllable ओम्; अकारो विष्णुरुद्दिष्ट उकारस्तु महेश्वरः । मकारस्तु स्मृतो ब्रह्मा प्रणवस्तु त्रयात्मकः ॥ For more explanations of the three syllables अ, उ, म् see ओम्.-2 N. of Śiva, Brahmā, Vāyu, or Vaiśvānara.-- [अः कृष्णः शंकरो ब्रह्मा शक्रः सोमो$निलो$नलः । सूर्यः प्राणो यमः कालो वसन्तः प्रणवः सुखी ॥ Enm. अः स्याद् ब्रह्मणि विष्ण्वीशकूर्माणङ्करणेषु च। गौरवे$न्तःपुरे हेतौ भूषणे$ङ्घ्रावुमेज्ययोः ॥ Nm. अः शिखायां सिद्धमन्त्रे प्रग्राहे$र्के रथार्वणि । चक्रे कुक्कुटमूर्ध्नीन्दुबिम्बे ब्रह्मेशविष्णुषु ॥ ibid. Thus अः means Kṛiṣṇa, Śiva, Brahmā, Indra, Soma, Vāyu, Agni, the Sun, the life-breath, Yama, Kāla, Vasanta, Praṇava, a happy man, a tortoise, a courtyard, a battle, greatness, a female apartment in a palace, an object or a cause, an ornament, a foot, Umā, sacrifice, a flame, a particularly efficacious mantra, reins, the horse of chariot, a wheel, the head of a cock, the disc of the moon]; ind.1 A Prefix corresponding to Latin in, Eng. in or un, Gr. a or an, and joined to nouns, adjectives, indeclinables (or rarely even to verbs) as a substitute for the negative particle ऩञ्, and changed to अन् before vowels (except in the word अ-ऋणिन्). The senses of न usually enumerated are six--(a) सादृश्य 'likeness' or 'resemblance', अब्राह्मणः one like a Brāhmaṇa (wearing the sacred thread &c.), but not a Brāhmaṇa; a Kṣatriya, or a Vaiśya; अनिक्षुः a reed appearing like इक्षु, but not a true इक्षु. (b) अभाव 'absence', 'negation', 'want', 'privation'; अज्ञानम् absence of knowledge, ignorance; अक्रोधः, अनङ्गः, अकण्टकः, अघटः &c. (c) अन्यत्व 'difference' or 'distinction'; अपटः not a cloth, something different from, or other than, a cloth. (d) अल्पता 'smallness', 'diminution', used as a diminutive particle; अनुदरा having a slender waist (कृशोदरी or तनुमध्यमा). (e) अप्राशस्त्य 'badness', 'unfitness', having a depreciative sense; अकालः wrong or improper time; अकार्यम् not fit to be done, improper, unworthy, bad act. (f) विरोध 'opposition', 'contrariety'; अनीतिः the opposite of morality; immorality; असित not white, black; असुर not a god, a demon &c. These senses are put together in the following verse:-- तत्सादृश्यमभावश्च तदन्यत्वं तदल्पता । अप्राशस्त्यं विरोधश्च ऩञर्थाः षट् प्रकीर्तिताः ॥ See न also. With verbal derivatives, such as gerunds, infinitives, participles, it has usually the sense of 'not'; अदग्ध्वा not having burnt; अपश्यन् not seeing; so असकृत् not once; अमृषा, अकस्मात् &c. Sometimes in बहुव्रीहि अ does not affect the sense of the second member: अ-पश्चिम that which has no last, i. e. best, topmost; e. g. विपश्चितामपश्चिमः cf. also R.19.1. अनुत्तम having no superior, unsurpassed, most excellent: (for examples see these words).-2 An interjection of (a) Pity (ah !) अ अवद्यं P.I.1.14 Sk. (b) Reproach, censure (fie, shame); अपचसि त्वं जाल्म P.VI.3.73 Vārt. See अकरणि, अजीवनि also. (c) Used in addressing; अ अनन्त. (d) It is also used as a particle of prohibition.-3 The augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the Imperfect, Aorist and Conditional Tenses.*****N. B.-- The application of this privative prefix is practically unlimited; to give every possible case would almost amount to a dictionary itself. No attempt will, therefore, be made to give every possible combination of this prefix with a following word; only such words as require a special explanation, or such as most frequently occur in literature and enter into compounds with other words, will be given; others will be found self-explaining when the English 'in', 'un', or 'not', is substituted for अ or अन् before the meaning of the second word, or the sense may be expressed by 'less', 'free from', 'devoid or destitute of' &c; अकथ्य unspeakable; अदर्प without pride, or freedom from pride; अप्रगल्भ not bold; अभग unfortunate; अवित्त destitute of wealth &c. In many cases such compounds will be found explained under the second member. Most compounds beginning with अ or अन् are either Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (to be determined by the sense) and should be so dissolved. -
14 고생
n. hard life, privation; trouble; suffering -
15 лишение лишени·е
1) (действие) deprivationлишение избирательных прав — deprivation of electoral rights, disfranchisement
лишение подданства — denaturalization; лишение родительских прав deprivation of parental rights
2) pl. (нужда) privation(s), hardshipsбыть обречённым на лишения — to be doomed / condemned to privations
испытывать лишения — to experience / to know hardship
испытывать лишения — to endure / to suffer privations
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16 ex
ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:I.qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.In space.A.Prop.:2.interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14:influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,
id. ib. 2, 19:visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,
Tib. 1, 1, 38:clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:3.ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:picis e caelo demissum flumen,
Lucr. 6, 257:equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:cecidisse ex equo dicitur,
Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:e curru trahitur,
id. Rep. 2, 41:e curru desilit,
Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—In an upward direction, from, above:B.collis paululum ex planitie editus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:globum terrae eminentem e mari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,
Liv. 6, 2.—Transf.1.To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:2.ex Aethiopia est usque haec,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:quod erat ex eodem municipio,
Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:Philocrates ex Alide,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:ex Aethiopia ancillula,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:negotiator ex Africa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:Epicurei e Graecia,
id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 27:ex India elephanti,
Liv. 35, 32:civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:meretrix e proxumo,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),
Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:ex spelunca saxum,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6:saxum ex capitolio,
Liv. 35, 21, 6:ex equo cadere,
Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:II.a summo caelo despicere,
Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:de vertice montis despicere,
id. M. 11, 503); cf.:T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,
Suet. Tib. 33:ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:ex vinculis causam dicere,
id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.also: ex fuga,
during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.In time.A.From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):2.Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,
Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,ex consulatu,
Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:ex praetura,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:ex dictatura,
Liv. 10, 5 fin.:ex eo magistratu,
Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,
Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:statim e somno lavantur,
id. G. 22:tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,
Quint. 6, 2, 35:mulier ex partu si, etc.,
Cels. 2, 8:ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,
Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:ex quo obses Romae fuit,
since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,
Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):aliam rem ex alia cogitare,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,
Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:diem ex die ducere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;B.for the passage,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,
Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,
Capitol. Gord. 22:duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,
id. ib.:mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,
Amm. 14, 7, 9:Serenianus ex duce,
id. 14, 7, 7:INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,
Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,
i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):C.bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,
id. Phil. 1, 1:ex aeterno tempore,
id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:ex hoc die,
id. Rep. 1, 16:motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,
from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,
Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:ex ea die ad hanc diem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,
id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,
id. H. 1, 29:sextus mensis est, ex quo,
Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,ex eo,
Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:ex illo,
Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:III.Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,
id. Verr. 1, 10:ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,
id. Att. 5, 21, 9.In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.A.With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:B.solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,
Cic. Lael. 13, 47:ex omni populo deligendi potestas,
id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:agro ex hoste capto,
Liv. 41, 14, 3:cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:ex populo Romano bona accipere,
Sall. J. 102:majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:quaesierat ex me Scipio,
id. ib. 1, 13:ex te requirunt,
id. ib. 2, 38:de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,
id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,
id. Att. 6, 9, 3:ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,
id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:vocare,
Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:2.qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:e vectoribus sorte ductus,
id. Rep. 1, 34:ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,
id. Rab. Post. 17:homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:unus ex illis decemviris,
id. ib. 2, 37:ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,
id. Lael. 4, 15:aliquis ex vobis,
id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;reliquum, argentum,
this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),
id. Rep. 2, 36:virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,
Flor. 1, 13, 12:alia ex hoc quaestu,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,
Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 3:est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,
id. Rep. 2, 40:Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,
Tac. G. 29:acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,
Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,
id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):C.has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,
Cels. 4, 20:ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,
Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:D.fenestrae e viminibus factae,
Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:statua ex aere facta,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,
id. Div. 1, 24:substramen e palea,
Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:monilia e gemmis,
Suet. Calig. 56:farina ex faba,
Cels. 5, 28:potiones ex absinthio,
id. ib. et saep.:Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,
Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,
id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,
id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):E.resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,
Cels. 3, 23:aqua ex lauro decocta,
id. 4, 2; cf.:farina tritici ex aceto cocta,
Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,
Cels. 4, 4:nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),
id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:bacae e viridi rubentes,
Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,
id. ib. §132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,
id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:e viridi pallens,
id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:apes ex aureolo variae,
Col. 9, 3, 2:sucus ex austero dulcis,
Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:ex dulci acre,
id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,
Cic. Clu. 26.—To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:2.cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33:ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,
id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:ex vulnere aeger,
id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:ex renibus laborare,
id. Tusc. 2, 25:ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,
Liv. 25, 26:ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,
Quint. 8, 33, 66:gravida e Pamphilo est,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?
id. ib. 3, 2, 17:ex se nati,
Cic. Rep. 1, 35:ex quodam conceptus,
id. ib. 2, 21:ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,
id. ib. 1, 44:ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,
id. ib. et saep.:ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,
Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,
id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,
Sall. J. 48, 2:veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,
id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,
Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,
Liv. 2, 50:ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,
i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,
id. ib. 6, 10:quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,
id. Phil. 6, 1:ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,
id. Lael. 13, 46:ex quo fit, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 43:e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,
Flor. 4, 10, 8:ex nausea vomitus,
Cels. 4, 5:ex hac clade atrox ira,
Liv. 2, 51, 6:metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,
Tac. A. 11, 20:ex legato timor,
id. Agr. 16 et saep.—In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:F.cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,
id. 1, 7, 1:nomen ex vitio positum,
Ov. F. 2, 601:quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,
id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:e nomine (nominibus),
id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:G.si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,
Lucr. 1, 186:dii ex hominibus facti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 10:ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,
id. ib. 1, 45:nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,
id. Part. 17; cf.:ex exsule consul,
id. Manil. 4, 46:ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,
Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:ex alto sapore excitati,
Curt. 7, 11, 18.—Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:H.ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:aliquid facere bene et e re publica,
for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:e (not ex) re publica,
id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:exque re publica,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:non ex usu nostro est,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:ex utilitate,
Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:ex nullius injuria,
Liv. 45, 44, 11.—To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:I.(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,
Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,
id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:ex senatus sententia,
id. Fam. 12, 4:ex collegii sententia,
Liv. 4, 53:ex amicorum sententia,
id. 40, 29:ex consilii sententia,
id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,
according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:ex senatus consulto,
Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:ex edicto, ex decreto,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:ex lege,
id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:ex foedere,
Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,ex more,
Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:ex consuetudine,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:ex sua libidine moderantur,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,
Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,
Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,
id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,
Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;attingit etiam bellicam,
Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;► Ex placed after its noun: variis ex, Lucr.ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.
2, 791:IV.terris ex,
id. 6, 788:quibus e sumus uniter apti,
id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:que sacra quercu,
Verg. E. 7, 13.In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—B.Signification.1.Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—2.Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662. -
17 patior
pătĭor, passus, 3, v. dep. ( act. archaic collat. form patiunto, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11: patias, Naev. ap. Diom. p. 395 P.) [cf. Greek PATh, PENTh-, pepontha, penthos], to bear, support, undergo, suffer, endure (syn.: fero, tolero).I.Lit.A.In gen.1.Tu fortunatu's, ego miser:(β).patiunda sunt,
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 46; id. Am. 3, 2, 64:fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post potitur bonum,
id. As. 2, 2, 58 Ussing (al. patitur bonum):o passi graviora!
Naev. 1, 24; Verg. A. 1, 199; Cic. Univ. 6:belli injurias,
id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:servitutem,
id. ib. 6, 7, 19:toleranter dolores pati,
id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43:gravissimum supplicium,
Caes. B. C. 2, 30:omnia saeva,
Sall. J. 14, 10:et facere et pati fortiter,
Liv. 2, 12:haec patienda censeo potius, quam, etc.,
id. 21, 13:Hannibal damnum haud aegerrime passus est,
id. 22, 41:exilium,
Verg. A. 2, 638:pauperiem,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 1. [p. 1315] aliae nationes servitutem pati possunt, populi Romani propria est libertas, Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 19:extremam pati fortunam,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32:aequo animo magnum morbum pati,
Sen. Ep. 66, 36:mentietur in tormentis qui dolorem pati potest,
Quint. 5, 10, 70:qui nec totam servitutem pati possunt, nec totam libertatem,
Tac. H. 1, 16:non potest generosus animus servitutem pati,
Sen. Contr. 4, 24, 1:hiemem et aestatem juxta pati,
Sall. J. 85, 33.—Absol.:2.dolor tristis res est... ad patiendum tolerandumque difficilis,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 18; Ov. Am. 1, 8, 75.—To suffer, have, meet with, be visited or afflicted with (mostly postAug.):B.poenam,
Quint. 11, 3, 32; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 20; Val. Max. 6, 2, 1; Sen. Contr. 1, 5, 6:incommodum,
Quint. 11, 3, 32:vim,
Suet. Ner. 29:quicquid in captivum invenire potest, passurum te esse cogita,
Curt. 4, 6, 26:mortem pati,
Lact. Epit. 50, 1; Sen. Ep. 94, 7:indignam necem,
Ov. M. 10, 627:mortem,
id. Tr. 1, 2, 42:rem modicam,
Juv. 13, 143:adversa proelia,
Just. 16, 3, 6:infamiam,
Sen. Ep. 74, 2:sterilitatem famemque,
Just. 28, 3, 1:cladem pati (post-Aug. for cladem accipere, etc.),
Suet. Caes. 36 init.; so,naufragium,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 118:morbum,
Veg. 1, 17, 11; Gell. 17, 15, 6:cruciatus corporis,
Sen. Suas. 6, 10:ultima,
Curt. 3, 1, 6:injuriam,
Sen. Ep. 65, 21:ut is in culpā sit, qui faciat, non is qui patiatur injuriam,
Cic. Lael. 21, 78; cf.:de tribus unum esset optandum: aut facere injuriam nec accipere... optimum est facere, impune si possis, secundum nec facere nec pati,
id. Rep. 3, 13, 23.—In partic.1.In mal. part., to submit to another's lust, to prostitute one's self, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 87; cf. Sall. C. 13, 3; Sen. Q. N. 1, 16; Petr. 25; 140.—2.To suffer, to pass a life of suffering or privation ( poet.):II.certum est in silvis inter spelaea ferarum Malle pati,
Verg. E. 10, 53:novem cornix secula passa,
Ov. M. 7, 274; Luc. 5, 313; Sen. Thyest. 470. —Transf.A.To suffer, bear, allow, permit, let (syn.:2.sino, permitto): illorum delicta,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 141.—With acc. and inf.:neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis, quibus est, invides,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 3:siquidem potes pati esse te in lepido loco,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 83:ista non modo homines, sed ne pecudes quidem passurae esse videntur,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 20:nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes: non feram, non patiar, non sinam,
id. ib. 1, 5, 10:quantum illius ineuntis aetatis meae patiebatur pudor,
id. de Or. 2, 1, 3:nullo se implicari negotio passus est,
id. Lig. 1, 3:duo spondei non fere se jungi patiuntur,
Quint. 9, 4, 101:aut persuasurum se aut persuaderi sibi passurum,
Liv. 32, 36, 2:ut vinci se consensu civitatis pateretur,
id. 2, 2, 9; 6, 23, 8; Curt. 8, 9, 23.—With acc.:neque enim dilationem pati tam vicinum bellum poterat,
Liv. 1, 14, 6:recentis animi alter (consul)... nullam dilationem patiebatur,
id. 21, 52, 2.—With quin:non possum pati, Quin tibi caput demulceam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 13:nullum patiebatur esse diem, quin in foro diceret,
Cic. Brut. 88, 302.— Poet. with part.:nec plura querentem Passa,
Verg. A. 1, 385; 7, 421 (= passa queri, etc.).—Hence, facile, aequo animo pati, to be well pleased or content with, to acquiesce in, submit to: aegre, iniquo animo, moleste pati, to be displeased, offended, indignant at:quaeso aequo animo patitor,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 108:apud me plus officii residere facillime patior,
Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 2; 1, 9, 21:consilium meum a te probari... facile patior,
id. Att. 15, 2, 2; id. Verr. 2, 3, 2, § 5:cum indigne pateretur nobilis mulier... in conventum suam mimi filiam venisse,
id. ib. 2, 5, 12, §31: periniquo patiebar animo, te a me digredi,
id. Fam. 12, 18, 1; Liv. 4, 18.—To submit:B.patior quemvis durare laborem,
Verg. A. 8, 677:pro quo bis patiar mori,
Hor. C. 3, 9, 15.—To experience, undergo, to be in a certain state of mind or temper:C.nonne quiddam pati furori simile videatur,
Quint. 1, 2, 31.—In gram., to be passive, to have a passive sense:A.(verbum) cum haberet naturam patiendi,
a passive nature, Quint. 1, 6, 10:modus patiendi,
id. 1, 6, 26; 9, 3, 7.— Hence, pătĭens, entis, P. a., bearing, supporting, suffering, permitting.Lit.:B.amnis navium patiens,
i. e. navigable, Liv. 21, 31, 10:vomeris,
Verg. G. 2, 223: vetustatis, lasting, Plin. 11, 37, 76, § 196:equus patiens sessoris,
Suet. Caes. 61.—Transf.1.That has the quality of enduring, patient:2.nimium patiens et lentus existimor,
Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305:animus,
Ov. P. 4, 10, 9.— Comp.:meae quoque litterae te patientiorem lenioremque fecerunt,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14.— Sup.:patientissimae aures,
Cic. Lig. 8, 24:patientissimus exercitus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 96.—That has the power of endurance, firm, unyielding, hard ( poet.):patiens aratrum,
Ov. Am. 1, 15, 31:saxo patientior illa Sicano,
Prop. 1, 16, 29.—Hence, adv.: pătĭenter, patiently:alterum patienter accipere, non repugnanter,
Cic. Lael. 25, 91:patienter et fortiter ferre aliquid,
id. Phil. 11, 3, 7:patienter et aequo animo ferre difficultates,
Caes. B. C. 3, 15:prandere olus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 13.— Comp.:patientius alicujus potentiam ferre,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4.— Sup.:patientissime ferre aliquid,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 11. -
18 deprivation
1. n лишение; отнятие2. n потеря, утрата3. n церк. лишение бенефиция4. n выключение, депривацияСинонимический ряд:1. being deprived of (noun) being deprived of; hardship; need; removal; seizure; want2. loss (noun) cost; damage; deprival; deprivement; detriment; dispossession; divestiture; forfeit; forfeiture; hurt; loss; pain; privation -
19 loss
1. n потеря, лишение2. n утрата, потеря3. n гибель4. n проигрыш; урон5. n ущерб, урон, убытокto have a loss, to meet with a loss — потерпеть ущерб, понести потерю
6. n воен. потериthe loss of life — потери в людях, потери убитыми
average filling loss — средние потери от больших "дыханий"
7. n спец. угар8. n спец. смыв9. n спец. утечкаСинонимический ряд:1. beating (noun) beating; defeat; rout; upset2. catastrophe (noun) catastrophe; harm; injury; misfortune; mishap3. damage (noun) confusion; damage; destruction; detriment; devastation; disadvantage; havoc; ruin; ruination; toll; waste4. deprivation (noun) deprival; deprivation; deprivement; dispossession; divestiture; expenditure; forfeiture; penalty; privation5. losing (noun) losing; mislaying; misplacement; misplacingАнтонимический ряд:acquisition; advancement; advantage; amendment; augmentation; capture; economy; elevation; emolument; fortune; gain; improvement; preservation; procurement; profit; victory -
20 лишение
1. hardship2. deprivation3. depriving4. privation; deprivation; loss; privations; hardshipsСинонимический ряд:отнятие (сущ.) отнятие
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
privation — /pruy vay sheuhn/, n. 1. lack of the usual comforts or necessaries of life: His life of privation began to affect his health. 2. an instance of this. 3. the act of depriving. 4. the state of being deprived. [1350 1400; ME ( < MF privacion) < L… … Universalium
privation — /praɪˈveɪʃən / (say pruy vayshuhn) noun 1. lack of the usual comforts or necessaries of life, or an instance of this: to lead a life of privation. 2. a depriving. 3. the state of being deprived. {Middle English privacion, from Latin prīvātio} …
privation — mid 14c., action of depriving, from O.Fr. privacion, from L. privationem (nom. privatio) a taking away, noun of action from pp. stem of privare deprive (see PRIVATE (Cf. private)). Meaning want of life s comforts or of some necessity is attested… … Etymology dictionary
privation — [prī vā′shən] n. [ME privacion < L privatio < privare: see PRIVATE] 1. a depriving or being deprived; deprivation; specif., the loss or absence of some quality or condition 2. lack of the ordinary necessities of life … English World dictionary
privation — [[t]praɪve͟ɪʃ(ə)n[/t]] privations N UNCOUNT: also N in pl If you suffer privation or privations, you have to live without many of the things that are thought to be necessary in life, such as food, clothing, or comfort. [FORMAL] They endured five… … English dictionary
privation — UK [praɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n] / US noun [countable/uncountable] Word forms privation : singular privation plural privations formal a situation in which you do not have the basic things that you need for a comfortable life … English dictionary
Life of Pi — Infobox Book name = Life of Pi title orig = translator = image caption = author = Yann Martel illustrator = cover artist = country = Canada language = English series = genre = Novel publisher = Knopf Canada release date = September 2001 media… … Wikipedia
privation — noun a) The state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute. b) The state of being very poor, and lacking the basic necessities of life … Wiktionary
privation — pri|va|tion [ praı veıʃn ] noun count or uncount FORMAL a situation in which you do not have the basic things you need for a comfortable life … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
privation — pri•va•tion [[t]praɪˈveɪ ʃən[/t]] n. 1) lack of the usual comforts or necessaries of life 2) an instance of this 3) the act of depriving 4) the state of being deprived • Etymology: 1350–1400; ME (< MF) < ML prīvātiō deprivation (of office) … From formal English to slang
privation — n. 1 lack of the comforts or necessities of life (suffered many privations). 2 (often foll. by of) loss or absence (of a quality). Etymology: ME f. L privatio (as PRIVATE) … Useful english dictionary
